NCTF 135 HA Near Chelsham, Surrey

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NCTF 135 HA Overview

Location and Geology

The NCTF 135 HA is a geological formation located near Chelsham, Surrey, England. It forms part of the Wealden Group, a geological group that spans southern England and has a complex stratigraphy.

The NCTF 135 HA can be found at an elevation of approximately 50-100 meters above sea level. The site is situated within a wooded area near Chelsham village, with surrounding hills composed primarily of clay-rich Wealden Group deposits.

Geologically, the NCTF 135 HA formation dates back to the Early Cretaceous period, around 145 million years ago. It consists mainly of sandstones and conglomerates deposited in fluvial and estuarine environments.

The local geology is dominated by the Wealden Group, which comprises a sequence of clays, sands, and limestones laid down over millions of years during the Early Cretaceous period. The NCTF 135 HA formation is thought to have formed in an area where rivers and estuaries merged.

The rocks at this location are primarily composed of quartz-rich sandstones and conglomerates with some intercalated claystone layers. These deposits accumulated as a result of the ongoing interaction between sediment supply from surrounding hills and sea levels during that time.

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The presence of significant amounts of feldspar, mica minerals, and small amounts of calcite within these rock units is an indication of their marine and terrestrial origins.

NCTF 135 HA near Chelsham, Surrey

The NCTF 135 HA is situated near Chelsham, Surrey, in southern England. The area’s geology is primarily composed of chalk deposits from the Cretaceous period, which are overlaid by flint gravel and clay. According to a study by the University of Reading, the chalk formations in this region have been subject to significant tectonic activity over millions of years.

The NCTF 135 HA site is located in an area with a complex geological history, shaped by both tectonic activity and the forces of erosion.

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The site’s geology primarily consists of chalk deposits from the Cretaceous period, which date back approximately 100 million years.

These chalk formations are underlaid by a layer of flint gravel and clay, resulting in a diverse geological composition.

A study conducted by the University of Reading reveals that the chalk formations within this region have experienced considerable tectonic activity over millions of years.

This process has led to significant changes in the site’s topography and geological structure.

The combination of tectonic forces and erosion has created a unique landscape at NCTF 135 HA, characterized by rolling hills and varied terrain.

Further research into the site’s geology may provide more insights into its complex history and the processes that have shaped it over time.

Ecological Features

Biodiversity Hotspots

The National Trust for Scotland’s (NTS) site at Netherurd Woodlands in the Northumberland Coast and Country Park (NCCP), approximately 30 miles east of Newcastle upon Tyne, boasts a rich array of ecological features.

One of the most striking aspects of this woodland is its diverse tree species composition. Dominated by ancient broadleaf trees such as oak, ash, and hazel, the woodlands also feature significant areas of coniferous plantations, mainly comprised of Scots pine and Sitka spruce.

The presence of these coniferous plantation blocks serves to enhance biodiversity within the woodland ecosystem. They provide a distinct habitat for various flora and fauna that are not found in the broadleaf-dominated areas, such as certain species of birds, small mammals, and insects.

NCTF 135 HA near Chelsham, Surrey

Woodland floor vegetation is another key feature of Netherurd Woodlands. The site’s wood floors host a rich variety of wildflowers, including many rare and endangered species. These include the Yellow Bird’s-foot-trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), the Common Spotted Orchid (Dactylorhiza fuchsii), and the Rare Buttercup (Ranunculus auricomus).

With over 200 recorded species, Netherurd Woodlands is a haven for wildlife. Bird populations thrive, with notable sightings including Red Kites, Ospreys, and Goshawks, among others.

The site’s woodland streams support an array of aquatic life. The gentle waters home to Brown Trout (Salmo trutta), Eel (Anguilla anguilla), and other freshwater fish species. A range of insects, including dragonflies and damselflies, add further biodiversity to the stream ecosystems.

Additionally, a series of ancient woodland ponds adds value to the site’s ecological features. These shallow pools host water lilies, providing shelter for aquatic life, while supporting a variety of invertebrates such as caddisflies and mayflies.

As a notable example of NCCP biodiversity conservation efforts, a Nature Reserve within the wider Northumberland Coast AONB protects critical areas of lowland heath. The National Trust owns a large area of land here, which features habitats not found in more north-facing woodlands, such as bilberry and gorse heath.

The landscape’s varied geology significantly impacts its ecological diversity. The exposed bedrock provides an extensive habitat for lichens, mosses, and ferns, while areas where the soil is rich in nutrients support a wide variety of wildflowers.

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The NCTF 135 HA is home to several areas of high biodiversity. These include wetlands, heathland, and woodland ecosystems, which support a wide range of plant and animal species. The Surrey Wildlife Trust has identified this area as an important habitat for rare invertebrates, such as the purple emperor butterfly.

The NCTF 135 HA near Chelsham, Surrey, boasts an impressive array of ecological features that support a rich tapestry of plant and animal life.

One of the most significant ecological features of this area is its diverse range of wetlands. These include ponds, streams, and marshes that provide essential habitats for numerous species of plants and animals.

The heathland ecosystems within NCTF 135 HA are equally remarkable. These acidic grasslands are characterized by low-growing shrubs, such as gorse and heather, which thrive in the area’s well-drained soils.

In addition to its wetlands and heathland ecosystems, the NCTF 135 HA also features areas of woodland. These woodlands provide crucial habitats for a wide range of tree species, many of which are rare or endangered.

According to the Surrey Wildlife Trust, this area is particularly noteworthy for its support of rare invertebrates. One example is the purple emperor butterfly, whose presence in NCTF 135 HA highlights the importance of preserving the local ecosystem.

The biodiversity hotspots within NCTF 135 HA can be attributed to a combination of factors, including its geographic location and geological history. The area’s unique soil composition, as well as its proximity to other habitats, create an ideal environment for a wide range of plant and animal species.

The Surrey Wildlife Trust has identified the importance of this area in supporting rare and endangered species, and conservation efforts are necessary to protect these ecosystems for future generations.

Conservation Efforts

Pastoral Management Practices

The National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty (NCT) has been involved in various conservation efforts at its site, NCTF 135 HA, located near Chelsham in Surrey. The site is a notable example of an area managed to enhance both biodiversity and recreational value.

Conservation Efforts

Conservation practices implemented on the site include:

  • Habitat Management**: Aiming to create diverse habitats that support a wide range of plant and animal species. This is achieved through techniques such as brush cutting, scrub removal, and tree felling in strategic locations.
  • Woodland Restoration**: Efforts are made to restore degraded woodlands by reintroducing native species and creating conditions suitable for woodland regeneration.
  • Invasive Species Control**: The site management involves the control and removal of invasive species that could harm native biodiversity, such as Japanese knotweed, rhododendron, and conifers.
  • Wildlife Corridors**: Establishing corridors for wildlife to move through the site, ensuring connectivity between habitats and facilitating species dispersal.

Pastoral Management Practices

The management of the pasture area is crucial for maintaining biodiversity. Practices implemented include:

  • Rotational Grazing**: Dividing the pasture into smaller units to ensure even grazing and prevent overgrazing, which helps in maintaining a balanced vegetation structure.
  • Hedgerow Maintenance**: Preserving and restoring hedgerows as wildlife corridors and for their role in soil conservation and habitat diversity.
  • Mineral Management**: Maintaining mineral-rich areas to provide necessary nutrients for the ecosystem without over-mining, which could lead to environmental degradation.

These practices collectively contribute to maintaining biodiversity while also enhancing recreational opportunities and preserving the area’s natural beauty. Regular monitoring and adaptation to changing conditions are integral parts of these conservation efforts.

The NCTF 135 HA has undergone various management practices aimed at maintaining its ecological balance. Historical records suggest that traditional farming practices, such as rotational grazing and limited use of fertilizers, have contributed to the area’s high biodiversity.

The National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty (NTPHIB), now known as the National Trust, has managed the NCTF 135 HA in a way that aims to conserve its unique environment. The area’s high biodiversity is attributed to historical farming practices employed by previous landowners.

Rotational grazing, where livestock are moved from one area to another on a regular basis, has helped maintain the natural balance of the ecosystem. This practice prevents overgrazing and allows for the regeneration of vegetation and plant growth. The rotation of livestock also helps to control weed populations and reduce soil erosion.

The limited use of fertilizers in traditional farming practices has also contributed to the conservation of the NCTF 135 HA’s ecological balance. Fertilizers can alter the chemical composition of soil, leading to changes in the types of plants that grow there. By minimizing fertilizer use, the natural nutrient cycle is preserved, allowing native species to thrive.

Other conservation efforts include the maintenance of hedgerows and woodlands, which provide vital habitats for a wide range of flora and fauna. The National Trust has also implemented measures to protect the area’s water quality by controlling runoff and preventing pollution from agricultural activities.

In addition, the National Trust has established a system for monitoring the ecological health of the NCTF 135 HA. This includes regular surveys of plant and animal populations, as well as assessments of soil health and water quality. These efforts enable the trust to identify any potential threats to the area’s biodiversity and take prompt action to address them.

The conservation of the NCTF 135 HA is a testament to the power of traditional management practices in preserving unique and valuable ecosystems. The area serves as an important example for land managers, policymakers, and conservationists seeking to protect and enhance the natural heritage of the UK.